934
1261318026012657110167
INTERVENČNÍ341804301071978123168215263308366420478499
A8628043010752
AKUTNÍ936804301075299157202263284
KARDIOLOGIE12418043010745103150211232295337397456477520
/18078043010732
Interv188480430107196794136163207
Akut2110804301075391139168
Kardiol.2297804301074588114162181229249264
2023;22(3):122-1282581804301074487128172186230274296338359374411448492518556594636
/32628043010732
www.iakardiologie.cz48438043010765133201214233274312354380428447495515563613632675690730769
PŘEHLEDOVÉ341207012660124182256312369444520587645
ČLÁNKY1008207012660115187259327395
/1424207012633
REVIEW1477207012662121191224282376
ARTICLES1874207012668131191224287342399458
Treatment3413650106306698139168221253294327
options68336501063974106123164206238
of93736501063869
in‑stent10223650106155684114147179220253
restenosis:129036501063466100133165206247280297329345
mini164936501065270111128
review179336501063365105122154215
dure340621010951101131177
was543621010967111147
also71662101094365101152
associated89362101094480116167209230274304349401
with132062101096789119170
edge‑related151662101094598149195226257302325369399444496
complications34076101094191168220242264306351381403453505541
and90776101094495148
a1081761010944
high115176101095172124175
recurrence135276101093076118169199230276328369415
of179376101095077
ISR189676101092268117
(>34090101092576
50%)43190101094691162185
(1,6329010109256781
4).7289010109466986
In82990101092271
regards91690101092973124167196246281
to121290101093078
treatment130690101092958103146175249294344373
strategy,16949010109356695138167211262304319
nonetheless,340104101094997146190220268312333377412446464
observational819104101094898133177206251293322342390439481501
studies1335104101093564112162182226261
and1610104101094391141
randomised1765104101092972120170218340118101097495130175226
trials58111810109295879122143178
have774118101094992133177
consistently966118101094088138172193228258302351380401443
shown1424118101093685134199248
that1688118101092978121150
DCB18531181010960112159
and340132101094495148
DES5141321010961107153
have693132101095195138184
relatively90313210109307699143174196240286308352
superior1282132101093686139186217239290321
outcomes16291321010950101132173223300347383
than340146101093080123173
POBA5331461010947110159214
in766146101092171
ISR856146101092266114
(29,989146101092671116132
30).1141146101094692116133
Cutting/Scoring3401710014771137179224255324393434496551618661692761831
Balloon11981710014769131162193262331400
Cutting4801881010954104136170193245298
or808188101095182
Scoring920188101094689140171194247300
balloons1249188101095399122145197250303340
(CB1619188101092679130
or1778188101095183
SB)1890188101094697122
were3402021010968115146193
introduced559202101092274105136187241292334381434
to1020202101093181
minimise11282021010977100151174251274310358
barotraumas1513202101095298129180212242288339417462499
to340216101093079
the437216101093080126
vessel581216101094388124159205227
wall8262161010967110132153
and997216101094494145
slippage116021610109365778130182226277322
of1500216101095076
a15952161010943
conventional16562161010941891401822272773073283402301010949100144165
balloon526230101095195117138188238289
when8352301010967117163214
inflated106923010109217198122165195240292
over1381230101095093137167
fibrotic1569230101092650101131181211232272
scar1862230101093677121151
tissue.34024410109305086121170215233
They589244101094595141183
prevent788244101095180125168212262291
balloon1095244101095195116137187237287
slippage‑related139824410109355677128179223273319349379424446489519563614
complications340258101094191169221244266308353383405457508545
using911258101095188109161213
the1150258101093182129
lateral130525810109226797143174219241
blades1573258101095275120172219256
that1856258101093081126156
anchor340272101094394135185235265
the630272101093080126
balloon781272101095196117138189239290
within1096272101096688118168190240
the1361272101093080126
target1512272101093074104155200231
lesion.1768272101092267103124174225244
In340286101092272
the438286101093080126
treatment590286101093059105149179254300351381
of997286101094976
ISR,1099286101092166114136
cutting1260286101094191121153175225276
and1562286101094394145
scoring1733286101093677126156178228280
balloons340300101095195117138188238288324
may6803001010975118160
play856300101095173116158
an1030300101094393
important1139300101092196148198228261305355384
role1539300101093079101147
in1702300101092171
lesion1789300101092167102123173224
preparation340314101095181126178222252296326347397447
preceding806314101095181127168213265286336387
DES12123141010960105150
or1381314101094979
DCB14793141010960114162
(1).166031410109266887104
Neointimal4803281010960107159181233263285362406429
modification9353281010976128181203230255297342373394445497
with1459328101096789120172
a16573281010944
scoring1728328101093678128159181232284
or340342101095080
cutting446342101094191122154176227278
balloon750342101095296118140190241293
has1069342101095094130
possible12253421010952103139175197248271317
advantages1568342101094496140185236265310362408444
over340356101095196143175
standard548356101093769116169223269300354
balloon935356101095399122145198251304
pre‑dilatation1272356101095385132164221243266312344391422445497550
(31).1855356101092774118139157
Neointimal3403701010960106157179230259281357401422
change788370101094191135186237284
of1097370101095077
ISR1200370101092266115
with1341370101096688119169
CB15363701010953102
plus1664370101095173124160
DCB18493701010961115163
vs.340384101094482102
standard469384101093769115167221266297350
DCB8463841010961116167
lowers1039384101092274142189220259
the1325384101093082130
5-year1482384101094778122169214245
rate1754384101093076107153
of1934384101095179
TLR,340398101094588137158
even514398101094588133183
though714398101093080129180230281
not10113981010950100130
statistically1157398101093667111141162197228249290334355377420
significantly.159339810109365710715717920522927031436439434041210109216479
The445412101094495141
benefit611412101095198148194221245275
seems911412101093681128203239
to1175412101093079
be1279412101095197
persistent1401412101095198128164185221252296347376
in1802412101092171
ISR1899412101092165113
after340426101094370102147176
implantation532426101092196147169212262291335365386435485
of1033426101095076
BMS11254261010948121165
and1306426101094393144
DES14664261010959104149
(32).1631426101092570113137154
In1801426101092171
the1888426101093079125
ISAR‑DESIRE340440101092266120169198260305350371420465
48314401010946
trial,90244010109306081125146165
neointimal1093440101095095146167218247268343387409
modification15274401010975125177198225249290334364385435485
with340454101096788119169
scoring535454101093677126156178229280
balloon840454101095297118140190241292
before1157454101095298126176206252
DCB14354541010960114162
compared1623454101094090166217262292337390
with340468101096688118168
DCB5284681010960113162
standard710468101093666111161212256285336
therapy1066468101093080126156200251293
showed1380468101093585135201246298
superior1698468101093685137183213234284314
results340482101093076113164186217254
concerning621482101094191142184230261313334386438
angiographic1085482101094495148169221273304349401453475517
outcomes16284821010950102133174223301348384
at340496101094475
follow‑up.441496101092778101123174242271324377396
However,8634961010960112179225270316347362
at1252496101094474
1-year1353496101094773117162207238
follow‑up,1617496101092778101123174242271324377395
there340510101093080126157202
were5685101010967112142188
no7815101010951101
differences90851010109517299129175205251302343388424
when13585101010966117164214
the1598510101093080127
clinical175051010109416284134155196241263
events340524101094588132182212248
or604524101094979
TLR699524101094588136
were8515241010966110140185
assessed1052524101094379114159195230276327
(16.2%1395524101092668110129177248
vs.165952410109437898
21.8%;1773524101094688102150221240
P3405381010948
=4115381010954
0.26)488538101094765114159182
(33).694538101092570114137155
Both872538101094999129179
technologies1074538101093075116166216266288338390411457493
are1590538101094373118
interfered1732538101092171100145175204250340552101093075127
with493552101096688118168
their687552101093080126148177
inability890552101092171115167188210231261307
to1222552101093079
hinder1327552101095071122173219249
neointimal1602552101095096147168218248269345389410
proliferation340566101095282132155176203250280325355376427478
and844566101094494146
have1016566101095195138183
limitations1225566101092143119140171216246267318369405
similar1656566101093657133155177221251
to1933566101093079
balloon340580101095195117138188239289
angioplasty648580101094494145166216267289333369399445
(BA)1112580101092574128153
(5).128458010109267095112
Bare3406050014769131174237
Metal6046050014799162206268299
Stent9306050014763104165235277
(BMS)12346050014736104204267302
During4806221010960111140162212263
the768622101093080126
BMS9196221010949122166
era,1111622101094575119138
conventional1275622101094089139182226277306327377428472493
balloon17946221010951951171381883406361010950102
angioplasty469636101094496148170221274297342379411457
or953636101095081
repeated1061636101093076129177222253299352
BMS14396361010950125170
implantation1636636101092198151174219270301346340650101093153105158
was5256501010968114151
mostly7036501010977129167199221266
used996650101095189136191
as1214650101094482
the1323650101093082130
treatment1480650101093162109154186264311364395
for1902650101092779110
ISR.340664101092269120143
Recurring521664101095099143195227260283336390
event949664101094692140193225
rates1212664101093077109156194
after1444664101094574109157189
BA16716641010950107
were18166641010968116148196
approximately340678101094395147177226267289364408437482504547
20%909678101094692164
by1095678101095193
112106781010946
to1278678101093079
213786781010947
years.1446678101094388131161197217
The1685678101094596141
RIBS1848678101094971120164
I3406921010922
(Restenosis384692101092573119155186231281331367388423
Intra‑stent829692101092272102131175204241271316367396
Balloon1247692101094993115136186237287
Angioplasty15566921010955105156177227279301345380411456
Versus340706101095296128166218256
Elective625706101094668116160194216262309
Stenting)963706101094676123176207230282335361
trial135470610109306285130153
randomised1537706101093076129182235313336373421475
450340720101094691137
patients497720101095195125146191242271308
with825720101096688118168
BMS‑ISR10137201010949121166196219264312
to1344720101093079
undergo14437201010950100151197227277327
either179072010109456797147193223
BA3407341010949103
or463734101094979
repeat562734101093075127173217246
BMS8287341010949121166
implantation.1014734101092196147169213263292337366387437488507
After1541734101095581114159189
417507341010946
years1816734101094287130160197
of340748101095077
follow‑up,442748101092777100121172238267319371389
target857748101093074104155202232
vessel1115748101094489125161207229
revascularisation1370748101093076119164200241291313357387409445490520541591642
was3407621010966110146
as511762101094479
high616762101095071121172
as813762101094379
25%917762101094793163
and1105762101094394145
29%1275762101094792165
(P1465762101092673
=15647621010953
0.35),1643762101094665113158182199
and1868762101094393144
the340776101093080125
major4817761010975119140190220
adverse717776101094394138183212249295
cardiac1028776101094084113164185229269
event1313776101094588133183212
(MACE)1541776101092697152203246272
rates1829776101093073103148183
were2140621010966111141186
31%234662101094788155
and252162101094393144
37%268662101094689160
for286662101092777107
the299362101092979125
BMS3138621010949122166
implantation332462101092196148170213263293337367388438488
and214076101094392143
balloon229876101095195116136186235285
angioplasty259976101094392142163212263285327362393437
groups,305276101095079127177227262281
respectively.334976101092974109159205246277298341385406449464
Currently,2140901010952100130160205256285307350365
BMSs2522901010949122166201
have274190101095093135180
been293990101095197143194
replaced315190101092974126148191232277329
by349790101095294
DESs,3608901010960105150185205
and2140104101094394145
BMSs23041041010949122166201
are2524104101094473119
only26621041010950100122165
used2846104101095085131183
in3049104101092171
specific3139104101093687134175196223247287
situations344610410109365787136180210231281331367
(eg,2140118101092668120139
in2299118101092171
patients2391118101095195125146191242271308
with2720118101096688118168
an2908118101094394
extremely3022118101094588121150195271317339382
high3424118101095071122172
bleeding36171181010951731191652140132101095274125178
risk,234413210109305389133155
when25261321010967119166218
short‑duration2771132101093688139170204230285336367412443465516568
antiplatelet3366132101094496126148201224268299345368415446
therapy2140146101093080125155199250292
is2448146101092156
required,2520146101093075126176197227272323342
or2878146101095079
for2973146101092776106
economic3095146101094587135185235311332372
reasons),3483146101093075118154204254289312329
and2140160101094394145
studies2302160101093666116168189234270
assessing2589160101094479115161197232253303354
the2960160101093080126
value3103160101094387109158204
of3324160101094976
BMS34171601010949121166
in3600160101092171
patients3688160101095196214017410109305095145174210
with2366174101096687116166
DES‑ISR25471741010960104149178201245293
are2855174101094372117
lacking2987174101092164104146168218268
and3270174101094393144
unlikely3429174101094999120140182226247290
to3734174101093078
be2140188101095197
undertaken22561881010950100152197227260304347391441
(31,2717188101092570111126
34).2862188101094693117134
Bioresorbable21402130014769101169212275325394437508570640672735
Vascular29022130014772130180235303335396439
Scaffolds21402270014762117179217254322354425475
(BVS)26422270014736105176238272
BVS22802441010950103149
has2463244101095197135
also2631244101094568105158
been28222441010953102150203
proposed3058244101095385137192245283331385
as3477244101094482
a35922441010945
treatment36702441010931621102140258101094372146192241270
for2426258101092675105
patients2546258101095194123144189239268304
with2866258101096587116165
ISR.3047258101092165112133
The3196258101094494139
main33512581010974117138187
advantages35542581010943941371802302140272101093074125171206
are2363272101094373118
that2498272101092979123152
the2667272101093080125
device2809272101095196140161202247
eventually3072272101094588133183213263306328349392
disappears34802721010951721081522042563022140286101094373110
from2270286101092757107182
the2473286101093080125
vessel2619286101094388124159205227
wall,28672861010966110131153171
avoids3059286101094386135156207243
the3323286101092979125
presence3469286101095181126162208258299344
of2140300101095078
multiple22443001010976127149180202254277324
stent2594300101093668114165196
layers,2816300101092266109155185223243
and3085300101094496148
prevents3260300101095282129173219270301338
early3625300101094690121143187
lumen2140314101092171147193243
loss2409314101092171107143
associated2577314101094479115165207228271301346398
with3001314101096688118168
tissue319531410109305186122172217
retraction3438314101092975105135179220252274324374
seen2140328101093681127178
in2334328101092171
balloon2421328101095195117138188238288
angioplasty2725328101094494145166215267289333368399444
(4).318532810109266993110
Some3311328101094495170216
studies3543328101093566116167188234270
suggest2140342101093685136187232268299
that2461342101092979123153
the2635342101093080126
use2782342101095085131
of2935342101094976
BVS3032342101094999143
implantation3197342101092196147169213263292337366387437488
for3706342101092676106
the2140356101093080126
treatment2284356101093059105148178253299349379
of2681356101095076
complex2776356101094089164216238283326
drug‑eluting3121356101095080130181210258280330360381431482
stent3621356101093667111162191
and2140370101094597150
bare‑metal2317370101095399130177209288336368414436
stent2780370101093769116168199
ISR3006370101092369119
lesions3152370101092269107129181233270
might34493701010978100153205236
be37123701010952101
associated2140384101094378114163205225268298342394
with2550384101096687117167
acceptable2733384101094383122167218248292343365410
long‑term3159384101092171121171200230275304379
clinical355438410109406182132153193237258
outcomes21403981010949100130169218294340376
(35,2535398101092570114132
36).2686398101094692116133
Based2280412101095097134183237
on25494121010951104
Restenosis2685412101095098136169216269321359381419
Intrastent:3136412101092275106138184222254302354386407
Bioresorbable35754121010950731261572052140426101093791125181229285311360
Vascular2557426101095297137182236261308342
Scaffolds2955426101094691139169203257283338378
Treatment3389426101094674124172205285335390423
(RIBS214044010109267496145189
VI),234844010109517398115
target2482440101093074104154200230
lesion2731440101092267103124174225
revascularisation2974440101093075118162198239289310354383405440485514535585636
rates3629440101092973103148183
following214045410109267698119168234255305356
BVS2511454101094999143
were26704541010966110140185
similar2871454101093556131152173216246
to3132454101093079
those3227454101092979129164210
seen3453454101093581127177
with3646454101096687117167
DEB21404681010960105153
(10.4%)2318468101092567110128175245268
but26104681010952102132
higher2766468101095071122172218248
than3038468101093080123173
with3235468101096788119169
EES3428468101094488133
(3.2%;358546810109267089137208227
p21404821010951
<22094821010953
0.001).2280482101094664111159202221238
After2536482101095581114159189
potential27424821010951102132177227257278321343
confounders3102482101094089140166216266316368413443480
in3599482101092171
baseline36884821010951952140496101093682105126177224
characteristics2389496101094192136166211252285330361383419450472513551
were29664961010967112143189
adjusted,3181496101094395118168204236281334353
results3560496101093076112162184215252
remained2140510101093077154199221272319373
unchanged.25395101010951103145196241292345392445465
It3030510101092253
can3110510101094187138
be3275510101095299
concluded3401510101094191143185207258311358411
that2140524101092978120149
BVS2304524101094896140
yielded2459524101094162107128178222273
late274752410109216392135
angiographic2897524101094392141162210260289332382432452491
and3403524101094392142
clinical356052410109406080129149189232252
results2140538101092975111160181211248
similar2407538101093657132153174218248
to2673538101093079
DEB,27715381010960105153173
but29625381010952102132
inferior311353810109217197143173194244274
to3406538101093079
EES3504538101094488133
(37).3656538101092670114139156
Potential22805521010949100131178230261284329352
limitations2660552101092244122144176222254276328381418
of3106552101095078
BVS32125521010950102149
include3389552101092173116139190244291
lumen370855210109227421405661010975121171
crowding2334566101094069119185236257307358
due27145661010951100146
to2882566101093079
thickness2983566101093080101142184236281317353
(particularly3358566101092677121151184205245295316360390411454
in2140580101092173
small22395801010936112157179201
vessels),2466580101094490127163210232269292310
device2802580101095298143165207252
flexibility308058010109275299142165217240261283314360
that3466580101093182126157
may36495801010976121163
influence2140594101092274102127179226279321368
access2535594101094587129175213250
to2812594101093182
restenotic2921594101093078115148194247299330353395
lesions,3343594101092270107129181234271292
and3662594101094597150
questions21406081010951100146182213234284334370
concerning2528608101094089140181225255306327377428
radial2974608101092973125146189211
strength320360810109366796142192243273323
and3544608101094494145
recoil,37086081010929742140622101094089111132151
which23146221010966117138179229
may25666221010975119160
be2750622101095197
particularly2870622101095196125158179220269291334364386429
crucial3322622101094070120161182226247
in3592622101092272
the3687622101093080125
management21406361010975119169212263309384430481510
of2669636101095076
ISR2764636101092266114
(34).2897636101092671117141159
Intravascular21406610014732101143186247306368418473541572634677
Brachytherapy28446610014769113174229298356402471534577638709768
(IVBT)2140675001473667139210273312
Intravascular228069210109217098127170210253287327375396438467
brachytherapy2761692101095180122162210250282331375404446496537
is3313692101092155
a33836921010942
technique3440692101092973113161210230280328372
that2140706101093079123152
is2308706101092156
intended2380706101092170100144194245290342
to2738706101092978
suppress2832706101093584136187217262297332
cellular3180706101094085106127177198241270
proliferation34667061010951811301521731992442743182140720101093051101152
and2317720101094394145
migration2487720101097697148177221251272322373
by2885720101095294
directing3004720101095172102147189221242292343
radiation3372720101093074125147190220241291342
at3739720101094473
the2140734101093080126
site228473410109365787131
of2434734101094976
the2528734101093080126
vascular2672734101094488123164214235279308
intervention.2999734101092171100145175222266317346367417468487
It3504734101092252
allows357473410109446586136202238
a21407481010943
localised2201748101092272113157179200235281333
delivery2552748101095197119140183228258304
of2874748101094976
radiation2968748101092973125146189219240290340
to3327748101092978
inhibit3423748101092172122143194216246
the3687748101093080126
proliferative2140762101095181131153174201246276320350371415459
response2616762101093075111162213263299345
seen2978762101093681128178
after3173762101094470103148178
angioplasty3368762101094394144166215267289333368399444
(38).2140776101092570116140157
Condado23137761010952100151202245296346
et2675776101094575
al2766776101094465
conducted2847776101094089139190240280312357409
the3271776101093080126
first341377610109265079115146
trial357577610109305981124145
of3736776101095076
coronary394062101094190121171222267297343
IVBT.430962101092273124170184
They451962101094698144187
treated473262101093060106151181226279
21503762101094790
participants515362101095196126160181222244296341392422459
with394076101096790120172
gamma413876101095195172249293
irradiation44587610109215182127179201246276298349400
after488576101094471105150181
balloon509276101095297120141192244296
angioplasty.5414761010944951471693940901010949101123167203234279294
The426090101094496141
result442790101092975110160181212
was4664901010966110146
that483590101093080124154
19501490101094687
of512790101094976
21522890101094789
participants5342901010952961261581792202413940104101095195146175212
showed4171104101093686136202247301
evidence4495104101094590113167214266309355
of4873104101095078
late497410410109216798145
occlusion5142104101094992134157208246268320372
at5538104101094374
two‑year39401181010930100151184228275320351
angiographic4318118101094496148171223276308353407459482525
follow‑up4869118101092778102125177245275328381
(39).5277118101092672119144163
The5467118101094598145
final3940132101092652104150173
pathway4143132101095197129181249295338
of4511132101094978
DES‑ISR46181321010960107155187212259309
includes4956132101092173116139191245292330
the5316132101093082129
formation547513210109267811039401461010975121152175227279
of4241146101095078
neointima4341146101095098150173225256279356402
with4765146101096690122173
an4961146101094395
accumulation5078146101094486128179256308331376408431482535
of3940160101094978
lipid403916010109214497121174
macrophages42341601010975121163195246300352398450498535
within4791160101096689121173196248
the5060160101093082129
neointima5211160101095097150173225256279356401
and3940174101094395148
subsequent4113174101093587140177225279330378430461
calcification.4599174101094086109152175203229271317349372423476497
IVBT5120174101092274126173
inhibits5317174101092273125148201225257296
neoatherosclerosis3940188101095099152198230282331363415453496519567600651689713750
in4720188101092174
DES‑ISR.48231881010961108155188214260311334
It5187188101092154
impedes5270188101092199153202256304342
neointimal39402021010951100154178232264288367414438
growth4408202101095284137207242296
without4734202101096892125179232285319
affecting5083202101094474106155200235259312366
the5480202101093083132
surrounding3940216101093689121154207260313368392445499
healthy44692161010951100147171204257301
tissue.480021610109315493131184232254
In5084216101092275
a51892161010944
previous5264216101095285133179204257310349
retrospective3940230101092975107138188225277324367400422467512
study,4471230101093567118170215231
IVBT4721230101092173123170
showed4909230101093687137204250303
good52312301010949100152204
outcomes545423010109491001313940244101094091168216254
for4222244101092678110
patients4360244101095197129152199251283321
with4710244101096689121173
DES‑ISR.49112441010960107154186211258307331
The5270244101094597145
incidence54432441010921731161393940258101095097149191236
of4195258101094977
target4291258101093075106157204236
lesion4546258101092168105127178230
failure479525810109267194116167198244
(TLF)5058258101092674119164191
occurred5268258101094992132183214245292345
in3940272101092175
one40452721010950104153
in4228272101092275
three4333272101093184116165214
patients45772721010952100132156205258291331
at4938272101094476
250452721010947
years5122272101094391138170210
(40).In5362272101092673124151171197250
a39402861010943
systematic4003286101093580118150197274319350373415
review4437286101093076121144191259
and4716286101094394147
meta‑analysis48832861010974122154200230275327372395440477500537
conducted543928610109409114339403001010952104148182230285
by4254300101095297
Megaly43813001010974122177223247293
et4704300101094579
al.,481230010109446890112
the4954300101093083131
incidence5115300101092274118141196244297341388
of5533300101095079
target3940314101093076107160207239
vessel4207314101094390127165212236
revascularisation4471314101092976121167204247298322367398422459505537560611664
occurred5162314101095093134186217249296350
in5539314101092273
approximately3940328101094397150182233276300377422454500524569
one45323281010950102149
in4705328101092173
four4801328101092778130162
patients4986328101095197129152199251283321
at5331328101094374
two­54293281010930100151183
‑year3940342101092873120166198
follow‑up,4168342101092678103126179247278332386406
with4603342101096791123176
an4808342101094497
incidence4934342101092274117140194242295338385
rate5349342101093076108155
of5534342101094978
29.2%3940356101094694112162235
(95%4202356101092571118190
CI4418356101095275
18.0-40.4%)4520356101094690111160193244294314362434460
(41).5006356101092671114135154
Nowadays,51873561010959111179225278323366404425
the3940370101093184134
popularity41053701010952107163217241288321346379428
of4564370101095180
brachytherapy4675370101095386134178232277313367417450498553599
decreased530437010109531021471802292763940384101093683137
after4105384101094472107153185
the4318384101093082129
introduction4476384101092173104135187240292334368391443495
of4999384101095078
DES51053841010960107154
because52873841010952100143189240278325
of3940398101094978
logistic4044398101092173126149187219242285
difficulties4355398101095073102134159202253276308331379416
and4797398101094496149
lower4972398101092173141187219
restenosis5217398101093077115147194246298335358395
events3940412101094590136189220259
in4221412101092173
the4317412101093082129
newer4469412101095097165212244
stents4736412101093568114167198237
(42).4995412101092671117142161
Intravascular39404370014732103148193257318382435492563596660706
Lithotripsy4678437001475992137209279324369403476529593
(IVL)5303437001473669144207244
Intravascular4080454101092274105136182226272310352404427473504
lithotripsy461345410109214476128180212243267320357403
is5045454101092158
a51324541010944
procedure5205454101095183134177224277329360407
for3940468101092677108
treating4067468101092960106151182204255307
severely4393468101093582126171202249272316
calcified4728468101094085107149172199225271324
plaques5071468101095074118170221268305
in5394468101092172
the5485468101093081127
coronary3940482101094090122173225270301348
and4308482101094395148
peripheral4475482101095199130154207259306338383406
arteries.4901482101094374108155186209256294315
It5236482101092153
generates53084821010950971491972282743940496101093075112
sonic4072496101093586138160202
pressure4293496101095182128165202253284330
waves46424961010966111154200237
through4898496101092980111162213265316
the5233496101093081128
vessel5380496101094388125162209232
wall39405101010968115139163
and4134510101094498153
produces4317510101095285138194247291339378
calcium4725510101094189113157181234313
modification.50695101010977130186210239266310357390414467521543
This3940524101094597120158
acoustic4117524101094486137188226258281324
wave44605241010967112156202
selectively4682524101093683107154197231254300346370414
fractures5116524101092659104147181232263310348
the5484524101093081129
intimal3940538101092173104127204249273
and4240538101094496149
medial44175381010975122176199244268
calcium.4712538101094187110152175227304325
This5065538101094497120158
increases5250538101092173116147194240277325362
vessel3940552101094594134174225251
compliance4233552101094295177233259284332387432482
and47575521010945100156
optimises49565521010951107142167247273313363403
stent5402552101093772121177210
expansion3940566101094590145191243281304356409
(43).4378566101092672119144163
Some4571566101094497175223
reports4823566101093077131184216251290
showed5143566101093688140208256310
the5482566101093082130
safety3940580101093580108154185231
and4190580101094293145
efficacy4353580101094573103128169214256301
of4673580101094976
IVL4768580101092172116
in4903580101092171
treating4993580101092960105150180202253304
in‑stent5316580101092171101138170215266296
restenosis.3940594101092975112143189240291327349386406
IVL4365594101092173117
can4500594101094085136
be4655594101095097
promising4771594101095081131207229266288338390
to5180594101092979
optimise52775941010949101132155230252289335
the3940608101092980127
outcome40866081010949100132173222299346
of4451608101094977
ISR4547608101092166115
in4682608101092071
heavily4772608101095097141185208230275
calcified5066608101094085108149172200225272325
coronary54106081010940891201713940622101095095127174
artery4137622101094375109156187235
disease4394622101095174112159205242290
(44–46).4706622101092671122172223273299318
Ablative39406470014776147179240282313375435
Strategies44036470014762103146207249311381412474525
Excimer39406755014356111163187285344379
Laser43486755014353110154213248
Coronary46246755014369131167229294348383440
Atherectomy39406895014370105169228263320375415477576627
(ELCA)4596689501433187139203276307
ELCA4080706101094485134190
is4285706101092156
a43567061010943
long‑established4414706101092170120169198244279310353403425445480529574625
adjunctive5054706101094393114163212252283304347390
therapy54607061010929781233940720101092973125167
that4127720101093080123153
can4300720101094084134
be4454720101095298
applied4572720101094395146168189235287
during48797201010951100130151202252
PCI.51517201010948101122142
Excimer5313720101094488127149224269299
laser3940734101092165101147177
generates4143734101095197147193224268298343379
pulses45487341010951102124159205242
of4815734101095077
short‑wavelength,4917734101093687137167200226293338380425447493544595626676696
high‑energy3940748101095174127180211261314362394447492
ultraviolet4464748101095174106137184228252304327375408
light490374810109224598151182
that5117748101093083129160
uses5309748101095188137174
an5515748101094597
active3940762101094484117138182227
medium41927621010976122174195245320
containing4538762101094089140170214236286307357408
gas4972762101095094130
and5128762101094393145
halogen5299762101095093115165217263313
(47).3940776101092669112138155
It4121776101092151
has4198776101095093129
been4352776101095298144195
useful4572776101095085131158209230
to4828776101093079
facilitate4932776101092671111132154175205249279324
stent5281776101093667112162192
ex-5498776101094588114