95 www.iakardiologie.cz PŘEHLEDOVÉ ČLÁNKY / REVIEW ARTICLES Surgical treatment of thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm: a systematic review of the literature surgery, TAFA > 55 mm in diameter, age > 65 years, and the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. The main predictors for perioperative mortality were established as follows: severe systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 35 %) and obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2). In addition, according to the data we obtained, a recurrence rate of up to 12 % at 10 years has been observed, but no specific risk factors have been associated with recurrence (15). Thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysms are uncommon and unfavorable complications that can arise from cardiac and aortic surgeries (2, 10, 12, 14). Although known as being rare, they form a thoroughly heterogeneous group in all their aspects. They arise from a large variety of causes, which is reflected in various clinical presentations and diverse anatomical findings. TAFAs are associated with a wide spectrum of different surgical techniques used for their repair. These techniques are frequently used despite impressive progress in endovascular methods in recent years. The anatomical variations of the heart, aortic arch, and related arteries present challenges for endovascular repair, limiting the treatment options for many patients. Conclusion In conclusion, thoracic aortic false aneurysms are uncommon and unfavorable pathological conditions that can arise from cardiac and aortic surgeries (2, 10, 12, 14). Although known as being rare, they form a thoroughly heterogeneous group in all their aspects. They arise from a large variety of causes, which is reflected in various clinical presentations and diverse anatomical findings. TAFA development and growth can be asymptomatic, and routine follow- -up should be recommended in all patients who have undergone aortic surgery. A wide spectrum of anatomical variations of TAFAs leads to surgical treatments that also differ widely. Despite impressive progress in endovascular methods in recent years, this treatment of TAFA is often not suitable and faces limitations, which makes open surgery the treatment of choice in a substantial proportion of affected patients. Abbreviations AA – ascending aorta AAR – ascending aorta replacement/repair ArchR – aortic arch replacement/repair AV – aortic valve AVR – aortic valve replacement CABG – coronary artery bypass graft CPB – cardiopulmonary bypass COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DAR – descending aorta replacement/repair ET – elephant trunk IHM – in-hospital mortality MVR – mitral valve replacement N/A – not available OHT – orthotopic heart transplant RADR – root / ascending / descending aortic replacement / repair RR – root replacement SC – supracoronary ascending aorta replacement TAAAR – thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm replacement/repair TAFA – thoracic aortic false aneurysm LITERATURE 1. Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. 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